5 commonly used medications that you should know better before taking them
Many of the medications we frequently use to relieve pain, control reflux, or help us sleep can be effective in the short term. However, prolonged or inappropriate use can lead to side effects, interactions, or risks that should be known in order to use them more safely.
1. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory pain relievers (NSAIDs) – such as ibuprofen and naproxen
NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen, are very common for relieving muscle pain, headache, or symptoms of inflammation. They are effective, but frequent or prolonged use can affect the kidneys, irritate the stomach, or increase blood pressure.
Tip: If you need frequent pain relief, talk to your health care provider to evaluate alternatives or the safest dose.
2. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) – such as omeprazole and esomeprazole
These medications reduce the production of acid in the stomach and are often prescribed for reflux or heartburn. Although effective, their use beyond the recommended time can hinder the absorption of nutrients such as calcium or vitamin B12, and in some cases affect kidney function.
Tip: Use them at the dose and duration prescribed by your doctor and consider dietary changes to decrease symptoms.
3. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) – like that found in many common painkillers
Paracetamol is one of the most widely used painkillers in the world because it is usually gentler on the stomach than other anti-inflammatories. However, taking more than the recommended dose or combining products that contain it can damage the liver.
Tip: Stick to the maximum daily dose, avoid alcohol if you use it frequently, and check labels on other medications to avoid duplicating the active ingredient.
4. Sedatives and certain anxiolytics/sleep aids
Medications used to aid sleep or reduce anxiety may be helpful in the short term, but over time they can create tolerance or dependence, and affect memory or balance.
Tip: Limit its use to the recommended period and explore sleep hygiene strategies or relaxation techniques as a complement.
5. Sedative antihistamines – such as diphenhydramine
Some antihistamines commonly used for allergies or as a sleep aid can cause drowsiness, confusion, or dry mouth, especially in older adults.
Tip: For allergies, opt for non-sedating alternatives if you need to stay alert, and always consult if you have doubts about side effects.
General advice for the use of medications:
Always read the labels: Learn what the medication is for, what the recommended dosage is, and what its warnings are.
Avoid combinations without consulting: Some medications can interact with each other or with food/alcohol, increasing unnecessary risks.
Consult health professionals: If you take multiple medications or plan to use them for a long time, it’s helpful to review them with your doctor or pharmacist.
Record its use: Keeping track of when and why you take each medication helps your health care team assess whether you still need it.
Knowing more about the medications we use frequently allows us to use them more safely and effectively. Information and communication with health professionals are key tools to minimize risks and maximize benefits.
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